The Origin of Electric Vehicles
Electric cars aren't a new invention. The first electric vehicle was built in 1881, and Karl Benz developed the first car in 1886. Their principle is straightforward: you have a power source (usually a battery) that provides all the power required for the electric motor to rotate.
A gasoline generator can technically power an electric motor, but it is still treated as an electric vehicle. So hybrid cars, PHEVs, hydrogen fuel cell cars, solar cars, and wind turbines are all classified as electric vehicles. However, they are not considered when it comes to electric vehicles.
The Workings of Electric Vehicles
Since you can't connect a battery to an electric motor, how does an electric car work? Let's start with the basics. The kit contains a number of batteries connected in parallel to store the electricity produced by the electric motor. These batteries use direct current.
We use a "DC-AC converter" to convert DC to AC. This is because powerful electric motors require high voltage and lower power. In addition, cars use AC motors instead of small DC motors.
PECU and an Electric Motor
They also have a PECU, a Powertrain Electronic Control Unit. It performs the same function as a car's ECU. It adjusts the voltage and frequency produced by the DC-AC converter based on what the driver asks for and does. The electric motor spins faster or slower depending on whether the voltage and frequency are changed.
The engine converts the electrical energy stored in the batteries into mechanical energy. In an internal combustion engine, the chemical energy of the fuel is converted into mechanical energy during combustion. These motors can also be used to generate electricity, so they can be switched off and charged independently. You need an electric motor consisting of magnets.
Onboard Charger and DC-DC Converter
Electric vehicles also require an onboard charger. This is the refueling port, in a sense. There's an outlet into which you may plug a charger, similar to a mobile phone but on a far larger scale, in the fuel port. The onboard charger transforms household AC power into DC so that the batteries may be charged.
There's also a DC-DC converter. That's because the batteries themselves store huge voltages that are far higher than what the wipers or infotainment system need. Because your gadgets consume the same voltage, there's also a converter to convert it down to a smaller and more manageable level for tiny uses.
Thermal and Battery Management
The batteries get extremely hot or cold. As a result, the EV requires a thermal management system. The body control module (BCU) manages functions like door locks, unlocking, and other similar features within the automobile.
The PECU has a sophisticated battery management system (BMS) that regulates and monitors the batteries. It handles how the batteries are charged and communicates with other sensors to ensure they use the batteries efficiently.
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